材料素材

高中英语语法归纳总结【最新版】

高中英语语法有哪些

基数词

表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。

1.基数词的构成:

1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;

11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,

seventeen, eighteen, nineteen;

20-90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;

≥ 100

100 a/one hundred;

1,000 a/one thousand;

1,000,000 a/one million;

1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million

2. 基数词的用法

1)作主语:

Three will be enough for us.

三个对我们来说就足够了。

Two of the girls are from Tokyo.

这些姑娘中有两位来自东京。

2)作宾语:

Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.

四个人申请这工作,但我们仅需一人。

3)作表语:

The population of China is over 1.3 billion.

中国有十三亿多人口。

I’m twenty while my brother is sixteen.

我二十岁,我弟弟十六岁。

4)作定语:

We have 300 workers in our company.

我们公司有三百名员工。

Forty students were involved in the interview. 四十名学生参加了这次采访。

5)作同位语:

You two clean these seats.

你们两个打扫这些位子。

Have you got tickets for us three?

有我们三个人的票吗?

序数词

表示顺序或等级。

1. 序数词的构成:

1-10: first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th;

11-19: eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th;

20-90: twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th;

≥100:

100 hundredth;

1,000 thousandth;

1,000,000 millionth;

1,000,000,000 billionth

2、序数词的用法

1)作主语:

The second is what I really need.

第二个是我真正需要的。

The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.

第一个瓶已满,但第二个还空着。

2)作宾语:

I got a third in biology.

我生物得到了第三名。

Do you Pfer the first or the second?

第一个和第二个你更喜欢哪一个呢?

3)作表语:

I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you

.我将是第一个支持你的人,也是最不会反对你的人。

Columbus was the first who discovered America.

哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。

4)作定语:

I’ll try a second time and see if I can do it.

我还要试一次,看看我能否做得了。

Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get there.

在第一个转弯处向右转,然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。

5)作状语:

He came second in the race.

他在赛跑中得了第二名。

It was a snowy day when we first met.

我们初次见面时是一个下雪的日子。

3、 序数词前冠词的使用

1) 明确指明了先后顺序或一系列事物按一定的规律排列时,序数词前用定冠词。

This is the second time that I have been in London.

这是我第二次来伦敦。

Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.

阿尔瓦市怀特家的第五个孩子。

2) 表示“又一、再一”,不强调顺序时,序数词前用不定冠词。

You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?

今天你已经买了四个玩具了,为什么还想再买一个呢?

I failed again, but I will try a third time.

我又失败了,可是我要再试一次。

3) 序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或其他修饰语时不用任何冠词。

My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.

我五岁前是和祖父母一块度过的。

Mrs. Black’s second child is a genius.

布莱克夫人的第二个孩子是个天才。

4) 序数词与名词构成复合形容词时,冠词由被修饰词而定。此时序数词是复合形容词的一部分而不是独立的,前面的冠词完全由这个形容词所修饰的名词而定。

This MPV car is a second-hand one.

这辆商务车是二手的。

Habit is second nature.

习惯是第二天性。

5) 序数词还可作副词,此时不用任何冠词。

First I am short of money; second I haven’t enough time.

首先我缺钱,其次我没有足够的时间。

6) 序数词用在表示“每隔……”的every 后,其前不用冠词。

every second day 每隔一天

every fifth day 每隔四天

every second line 每隔一行

7) 某些固定搭配中序数词前不用冠词。

first of all 首先

at first 起初

at first sight 乍一看,第一

数词的用法

1. 分数:表示分数时,分子须用基数词,分母须用序数词。

(分子是1以上的任何数时,作分母的序数词要用复数形式。)

1) 真分数通常用英语单词表达。

one-fourth 四分之一

two-fifths 五分之二

a quarter 四分之一

2) 分子和分母的数目较大时,两者都用基数词,之间用over/by/out of/in 连接。

Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.

二十个学生中有七个通过了飞行测试。

3) 带分数:“整数+ and + 分数部分”。

Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.

周末期间的降雨量达二又四分之一英寸。

2. 小数:小数总是用阿拉伯数字表达。小数点后不论有多少位都不能用逗号分开,但小数点之前的数依然按照三位一个逗号的原则书写。

0.786432 120,372.428

注意:小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读,小数点后的数每一位都要单独读。

15.503 读作fifteen point five zero three

0.05 读作zero point zero five

3. 百分数:百分数中的数目用阿拉伯数字,后接percent或百分号(%),在专业统计或表格中常用%代替percent,在句首时则用英语单词书写。

I have invested 40 percent of my income.

我把40%的收入用作投资了。

Farmers’ income has increased by 30%.

农民的收入已经增加了30%。

4、 倍数:表示倍数时,一倍用once,两倍 用twice/double,三倍以上用“基数词+ times”。

1)“倍数 + as many/much … as …”

My deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as I.

我同桌声称他的邮票是我的两倍。

This computer costs three times as much as that one.

这台计算机的价格是那台的三倍。

2)“倍数 + the size of …”

用法与size相同的名词常见的有weight(重量),height(高度),depth(深度),width(宽度),age(年龄),length(长度)等。

Our playground is five times the size of theirs.

我们的操场是他们的五倍大。

This street is twice/double the width of that one.

这条大街是那条大街的两倍宽。

3)“倍数 + what从句”

The value of the house is double what it was.

这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。

People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.

人们的平均收入是十年前的五倍。

4)“倍数 + 比较级 + than”

The room is twice larger than ours.

这间房子比我们的房子大两倍。

This ball seats three times more people than that one.

这个大厅能坐的人数是那个大厅的四倍。

5)“比较级 + than … + by + 倍数/程度”

The line is longer than that one by twice.

这根线是那根线的两倍长。

The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.

中国人口是美国人口的六倍多。

5、四则运算:

1)加法:在口语中,小数目的加法常用and代表“+”,is 或 are 代表“=”。

在正式的场合或较大数目的加法用plus代表“+”,equals或is 代表“=”。

7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.

13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.

2) 减法:在口语中,小数目的减法用“Take away + 减数 + from + 被减数 + and you get + 余数”

“减数 + from + 被减数 + leaves/is + 余数”

在正式的场合或较大数目的减法用minus 代表“?”,equals 代表“=”。

12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.

21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.

3) 乘法:在口语中,小数目的乘法的乘数用复数形式,用are 代表“=”。

大数目的乘法用times代表“×”,is/makes 代表“=”。

在正式的场合下用multiplied by 代表“×”,equals 代表“=”。

4×5=20 Four fives are twenty

326×238=77588

Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.

Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.

4) 除法:小数目的除法:用pided by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。

“被除数 + pided by + 除数 + equals + 商”;“除数 + into + 被除数 + goes + 商”

32÷4=8 Thirty-two pided by four equals eight.

Four into thirty-two goes eight.

大数目的除法:用pided by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。

216÷8=27

Two hundred and sixteen pided by eight equals twenty-seven.

6、比率:一般来说表示比率都用阿拉伯数字(包括句首的情况),但在非专业性的文字中,也可用英语单词的形式。

The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.

七比四写作7:4或7/4。

You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.

你成功的机会只有一半。

7、编号:用基数词时 名词 + 基数词 World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…

用序数词时 the + 序数词 + 名词 the First World War

8、年代与几十几岁:通常是逢十的基数词用作复数形式。表示年代的数词前用定冠词 in the 90s;表示岁数的数词前用形容词用物主代词 in one’s twenties

9、约数:

1)表示“大约”可以用about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less,用or so 表示“左右、大约”置于数词之后。

The man in rags is about/some sixty years old.

The man in rags is sixty years old or so.

那个衣衫褴褛的男子大约有六十岁/六十岁左右。

Peter is something like thirty.

皮特大约有三十岁。

2)“多于、超过”用more/than/over/above;“少于、不超过”用less than。

She was more than/less than forty when she got married.

她结婚时有四十多岁/不到四十岁。

3)其他

半天(小时)half a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour

一个半 a day and a half=one and a half days

两天半 two days and a half=two and a half days

一两天……one or two days=a day or two

两三天/周/个苹果 a couple of days/weeks/apples…

三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time after time

三年五载 from three to five years; in a few years

三三两两 in twos and threes; in knots

高中英语语法大全:表语从句

1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

2.构成:关联词+简单句

3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:(1)从属连词that。如:The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。(2)从属连词whether,as,as if。如:He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如:All this was over twenty years ago,but it's as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如:It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why。如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

解释:1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

2高中英语语法大全:主语从句

1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:(1)从属连词that。如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether。如:Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why。如:What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

3高中英语语法大全:宾语从句

1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:

(1)从属连词that。如:He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。注:that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。

1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。

3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。

(1)介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。有时介词可以省略。如:I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。

(2)从属连词if/whether。如:I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。

(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why。如:Who or what he was,Martin never learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。

4高中英语语法大全:不定式的构成

1.不定式的构成 不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例):主动式 被动式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/

1)不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。如:They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。

2)不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生,它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语,有时也可作主语、定语等。如:She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已听说过这件事。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.我很抱歉让你等了这么久。I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的,但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说,在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。

3)不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如:It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好,这些天一直帮我们。He Ptended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.我们没料到你一直在这儿等我们。

4)不定式的完成进行式 如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示

5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如:Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。

学好英语的方法是什么

1. 利用构词法。熟记前缀、字根、后缀、派生词构成规律、合成词构成规律等,遇到生词时往往就可以猜测出它的意思。例如,前缀semi-表示“(一)半”,那么就容易推出semicircle是“半圆”的意思了。

2. 归类法。只要注意归类比较,意义上的相近、相反,读音、词形、所属范畴的相近等都可以成为加强记忆的手段。例如,我们可以把表示“笑”的词语放在一起来记:smile, laugh, giggle, grin, chuckle, beam, smirk, sneer, chortle等。

3. 有计划地反复重现。教育心理学把记忆分为瞬时记忆、短时记忆和长时记忆。科学研究证明,遗忘的规律是先快后慢,新记忆在最初几个小时内遗忘得最快,如果4至7天内不重复出现,记忆将会受到抑制,甚至完全消失。而有计划地反复重现已学词汇则有增强记忆的效果。

大家都在看